Who decides whats in the Bible?
August 1st, 2008As to the “other” books of the Bible, they fall under two main categories: Pseudopigraphia and Apocrypha. here’s a little history lesson:
The Apocrypha was part of the Septuagint (Greek translation of Old Testament). The Apocrypha contains a lot of books that cover the intertestamental period - the time after the last book of the OT (Malachi) and the first book of the NT. This period of time is approximately 400 years, and the most common books of the Apocrypha include 1 & 2 Maccabees, which details the struggle for freedom that the nation of Israel fought, led by Judas Maccabees.
For the most part the Apocrypha was considered historically but not spiritually relevant to the church, which is why it was never included in the Bible as authoritative on equal with the Bible. Because of the historic value the Apocrypha was included between the OT and NT all the way up to the time of the Luther’s Reformation. There were quite a few heretical Catholic teachings based on the Apocrypha (which was labeled as such during the Reformation period). Interestingly, the NT quotes the Apocrypha quite a few times. Immediately following the Reformation, the Catholic church canonized certain Apocryphal works. Interestingly, ones that supported doctrines that Luther was opposed to (salvation by works, etc). In short, the Apocrypha was never understood to be equal to the Holy Scriptures.
The Jews never did accept these books as “on par” with Holy (OT) Scripture. They saw them as historical, informative, inspirational, culturally relevant, but not Authoritatively the Word of God. Some of the main reasons they are not included in the Cannon (and, inversely, others are)
- Apocrypha does not claim to be Holy Scripture
- Apocrypha contains inaccuracies (Tobit, Judith)
- Apocrypha teaches doctrine that contradicts the rest of the accepted cannon of Scripture (IE, prayer for the dead, 2 Macc. 12:45-46.
The Pseudopigraphia is a different story, however. The word “Pseudopigraphia” was given to the collection of books thought to be written by someone who claimed to be someone else. Psuedo = “false,” grapha = “writings.” This does not mean the content is necessarily untrue, but rather the authorship is called into question. The most popular example is 1 Enoch. The prevailing thought on it (and the rest of the Pseudopigraphia) is that it was not actually written by Enoch, but rather someone else, from a much more current time period. The use of an “alias” like this was not too uncommon, but it is important to note that the NT does not do this. When we read, “Paul, a bond servant of Jesus, to the church of…” we can be assured it is actually Paul writing this, not some other person who just wanted his thoughts to be taken more seriously, so he used the name of a famous person.
Apparently some of the Pseudepigraphal writings were discovered in the Qumran area, along with the Dead Sea Scrolls, which means they predate Christianity, which may lend more reliability to the original authorship of some of them. Remember, we don’t have the ACTUAL writings that Paul or anyone else wrote by their own hand. What we have is copies that were made by other people. They were copies of an actual accurate writing, however. This “could” be the case with “some” of the Pseudepigrapha.
Well, I guess that’s good to get the conversation going, anyway! A LOT MORE information can be found here:
http://www.bible-researcher.
I welcome any questions and or discussion on the subject!
Ian